SKU
RXSOL-19-1541-025
Title
Hydrazine Hydrate 25 Kg
Title
Hydrazine Hydrate 25 Kg
Packing Sizes
Active Matter
Supply Location
Locations
<p style="text-align: justify;">
Hydrazine Hydrate supplier in Mumbai, Kolkata, Gandhidham, Chennai, Visakhapatnam, Fujairah, Dubai, Sharjah. Hydrazine Hydrate <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">plays very important role</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"> for corrosion protection in boilers water treatment. </span></p>
Category
Boiler Chemicals-42
Short Description
No oxygen is entering the boiler with the feed water when hydrazine is present in the water ( This will help to decrease oxygen on HP, LP boiler )
The objective is to maintain a hydrazine residual between 0.05-0.2 ppm depending on operating pressure and boiler designe. Actual consumption is determined under operating conditions. A normal dosage is approximately 1 ltr. per day, depending of system layout.
Hydrazine is a convenient reductant because the by-products are typically nitrogen gas and water. Thus, it is used as an ANTIOXIDANT, an oxygen scavenger, and a corrosion inhibitor in water boilers and heating systems.
Hydrazine is mainly used as a foaming agent in preparing polymer foams.
No oxygen is entering the boiler with the feed water when hydrazine is present in the water.
Product Remarks
Remarks
<p style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Hydrazine is used as an oxygen scavenger for high pressure boilers in power plants and other industries to reduce corrosion of metal pipes and fittings. Hydrazine Test Method, in which several solutions have been formulated as a Hydrazine Reagent. The method is both sensitive and easy to perform. It is used mostly for the determination of small amounts of hydrazine in boiler feedwater. </span></p>
Tag Identification
Tag Identification
<p>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size:20px;">Valuable Boiler Water Treatment Chemicals</span> :<br />
<br />
<strong>Hydrazine Hydrate</strong> (50 ~ 51% as N2H4) plays very important role</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"> for corrosion protection in boilers.</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><strong>Activated Hydrazine</strong> (34 ~ 35% as N2H4) </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Catalyzed Hydrazine solution for corrosion Protection and related equipment.</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><strong>Morpholine</strong> (C4H9NO).</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Technical Grade for Boiler Water Treatment. Purity Not less than 99%.</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><strong>Acid Inhibitor : </strong></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">For the suppression of Hydrochloric Acid attack on Ferrous alloys, Cuprous alloys and Titanium alloys, effec up to 94°C with efficiency not less than 75% in 5% HCI solution and Acid Inhibitor concentration 2%.</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><strong>Ammonia</strong> 25% (NH4OH).</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">25% as ammonium Hydroxide used high pressure Boiler water treatment.</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">It is a clear colorless liquid.</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">PH 11-12 @ 20 °C.</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Density 0.9 g/cm3.</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Chloride (CL) 0.002 mg/liter maximum.</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Iron (Fe) 0.002 mg/liter maximum.</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><strong>Hardness Stabilizer</strong> :</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Polyacrylate material of low molecular weight.</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Non-volatile used for scale inhibition in sea water treatment.</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">The product is miscible with water in all proportions. And is clear Liquid.</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">PH valve 5-7.</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Density @ 20°C Approx. 40%.</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Chemical Characterization Sodium Polyacrylate, Modified, Aqueous solution.</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Solidification temperature -20°C.</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Flash point >100°C.</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Ignition temperature >200°C.</span></p>
Field Note
Note
<p style="text-align: justify;">
Why control balance of Hydrazine must required ?<br />
Control of Hydarazine level in Boiler water is very important. As proper level maintenance protect metal machinery parts from corrosion, <span style="font-family: FranklinGothic; font-size: 11pt;">However, precautions must be </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: FranklinGothic;">taken to prevent <em><span style="font-size:16px;">excess dose of hydrazine chemical as excess hydrazine will begin to decompose at temperature above 200</span></em></span><em><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family: FranklinGothic; vertical-align: 4pt;">o</span></span></em><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: FranklinGothic;"><em><span style="font-size:16px;">C to form Ammonia</span></em>.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: FranklinGothic;">Hydrazine is one of popular an alternative Oxygen Scavenger. It is very important to protect </span><span style="font-family: FranklinGothic; font-size: 15px;">boiler components from </span><span style="font-family: FranklinGothic; font-size: 11pt;">feed boiler water corrosion. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="text-align: justify;">Test Procedure ::: <a href="http://rxmarine.com/hydrazine-test-kit">rxmarine.com/hydrazine-test-kit…;
Technical Specifications
<p class="blackTen" style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">
Physical properties </p>
<table style="font-family: Tahoma;" summary="" width="85%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top" width="35%">
molecular formula:</td>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
H<sub>2</sub>NNH<sub>2</sub></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
CAS No.:</td>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
000302012</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
molecular weight:</td>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
32.05</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
description:</td>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
colorless, oily liquid, fuming in air.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
odor:</td>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
penetrating odor resembling that of ammonia</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
density:</td>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
1.0036 (25/4°C)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
boiling point:</td>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
113.5°C (at 760 mm Hg)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
freezing point:</td>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
1.4 - 1.5°C</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
explosive limits:</td>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
4.7 - 100% by volume in air</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
flash point:</td>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
38 - 52°C (open cup)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
saturation concentration:</td>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
18900 ppm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
conversion factors:</td>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
1 ppm = 1.31 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
(at 760 mm and 25°C)</td>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
1 mg/m<sup>3</sup> = 0.76 ppm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
solubility:</td>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
soluble in water, ethanol, and isobutanol; insoluble in chloroform and ether</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
vapor density:</td>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
1.04 (air = 1)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
vapor pressure:</td>
<td class="blackTen" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="top">
14.4 mm Hg at 25°C<br />
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Application
<p style="text-align: justify;">
Hydrazine is used as an oxygen scavenger for high pressure boilers in power plants and other industries to reduce corrosion of metal pipes and fittings. The test for hydrazine can be controlled by http://rxmarine.com/hydrazine-test-kit in which several solutions have been formulated into a single, stable reagent. The method is both sensitive and easy to perform. It is used mostly for the determination of small amounts of hydrazine in boiler feedwater. There are no common interferences.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
The establishment of protective metal oxide layers through the use of reducing agents (such as hydrazine, hydroquinone, and other oxygen scavengers) is known as metal passivation or metal conditioning. Although "metal passivation" refers to the direct reaction of the compound with the metal oxide and "metal conditioning" more broadly refers to the promotion of a protective surface, the two terms are frequently used interchangeably.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
The reaction of hydrazine and hydroquinone, which leads to the passivation of iron-based metals, proceeds according to the following reactions:</p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, san-serif; text-align: center;" width="79%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub></td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
+ </td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
6Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
<font face="Symbol">®</font></td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
4Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub></td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
+ </td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
2H<sub>2</sub>O </td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
+ </td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="12%">
N<sub>2</sub></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
hydrazine </td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
hematite </td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
magnetite </td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
water </td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="12%">
nitrogen</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
</p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, san-serif; text-align: center;" width="79%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub></td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
+</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
3Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
<font face="Symbol">®</font></td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
2Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub></td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
+</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub></td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
+</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="12%">
H<sub>2</sub>O</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
hydroquinone</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
hematite</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
magnetite</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
benzoquinone</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="12%">
water</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
</p>
<p style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, san-serif; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 10px 5px; display: inline-block; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-align: center;">
Similar reactions occur with copper-based metals:</p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, san-serif; text-align: center;" width="79%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub></td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
+</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
4CuO</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
<font face="Symbol">®</font></td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
2Cu<sub>2</sub>O</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
+</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
2H<sub>2</sub>O</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
+</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="12%">
N<sub>2</sub></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
hydrazine</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
cupric oxide</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
cuprous oxide</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
water</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="12%">
nitrogen</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
</p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, san-serif; text-align: center;" width="79%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sub>2</sub></td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
+</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
2CuO</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
<font face="Symbol">®</font></td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
Cu<sub>2</sub>O</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
+</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub></td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
+</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="12%">
H<sub>2</sub>O</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
hydroquinone</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
cupric oxide</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
cuprous oxide</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
benzoquinone</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="12%">
water</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
Magnetite and cuprous oxide form protective films on the metal surface. Because these oxides are formed under reducing conditions, removal of the dissolved oxygen from boiler feedwater and condensate promotes their formation. The effective application of oxygen scavengers indirectly leads to passivated metal surfaces and less metal oxide transport to the boiler whether or not the scavenger reacts directly with the metal surface.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
<a>A significant reduction in feedwater oxygen and metal oxides can occur with proper application of oxygen scavengers.</a></p>
Industrial Area
<p style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: ArialNarrow; font-size: 13px; text-align: justify;">No oxygen is entering the boiler with the feed water when hydrazine is present in the water ( This will help </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">to decrease oxygen on HP, LP boiler )</span> Hydrazine Hydrates. Hydrazine derivatives also used in the manufacture of herbicides and fungicides, as well as plant growth regulators</p>
Dose
<p style="text-align: justify;">
The establishment of protective metal oxide lay-ers through the use of reducing agents (such as hydrazine, hydroquinone, and other oxygen scavengers) is known as metal passivation or metal conditioning. Although "metal passivation" refers to the direct reaction of the compound with the metal oxide and "metal conditioning" more broadly refers to the promotion of a protective surface, the two terms are frequently used interchangeably.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
The reaction of hydrazine and hydroquinone, which leads to the passivation of iron-based metals, proceeds according to the following reactions:</p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, san-serif; text-align: center;" width="79%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub></td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
+ </td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
6Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
<font face="Symbol">®</font></td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
4Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub></td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
+ </td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
2H<sub>2</sub>O </td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
+ </td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="12%">
N<sub>2</sub></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
hydrazine </td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
hematite </td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
magnetite </td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
water </td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="12%">
nitrogen</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
</p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, san-serif; text-align: center;" width="79%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub></td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
+</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
3Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
<font face="Symbol">®</font></td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
2Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub></td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
+</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub></td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
+</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="12%">
H<sub>2</sub>O</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
hydroquinone</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
hematite</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
magnetite</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
benzoquinone</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="12%">
water</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
</p>
<p style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, san-serif; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 10px 5px; display: inline-block; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-align: center;">
Similar reactions occur with copper-based metals:</p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, san-serif; text-align: center;" width="79%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub></td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
+</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
4CuO</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
<font face="Symbol">®</font></td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
2Cu<sub>2</sub>O</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
+</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
2H<sub>2</sub>O</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
+</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="12%">
N<sub>2</sub></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
hydrazine</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
cupric oxide</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
cuprous oxide</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
water</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="12%">
nitrogen</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
</p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, san-serif; text-align: center;" width="79%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sub>2</sub></td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
+</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
2CuO</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
<font face="Symbol">®</font></td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
Cu<sub>2</sub>O</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
+</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub></td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
+</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="12%">
H<sub>2</sub>O</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
hydroquinone</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
cupric oxide</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
cuprous oxide</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
benzoquinone</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="11%">
</td>
<td align="center" style="margin: 0px;" width="12%">
water</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
Magnetite and cuprous oxide form protective films on the metal surface. Because these oxides are formed under reducing conditions, removal of the dissolved oxygen from boiler feedwater and condensate promotes their formation. The effective application of oxygen scavengers indirectly leads to passivated metal surfaces and less metal oxide transport to the boiler whether or not the scavenger reacts directly with the metal surface.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
<a>A significant reduction in feedwater oxygen and metal oxides can occur with proper application of oxygen scavengers.</a></p>
Useful Area
<br />
Keywords
<p>
<strong>Hydazine Dose Level</strong></p>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Thumb rule for Hydarzine dose is, Low pressure boiler required high dose of Hydrazine ( 0.1 to 0.2 ppm level of hydrazine ) While for High pressure boiler low dose of hydrazine required (0.05 to 0.1ppm value)</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Recommended dose of Hydrazine :</div>
<div id="cke_pastebin">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
Low Pressure Boiler ( 0 to 40 bar )</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
0.10 to 0.2 ppm level </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
Medium Pressure Boiler ( 41 to 60 bar )</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
0.1 to 0.15 ppm level </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
High Pressure Boiler ( more then 60 bar) </p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
0.05 to 0.10 ppm level</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
